Perivascular Fibrotic Remodeling: What Is It?

Ischemic cell death during a myocardial infarction leads to a multiphase reparative response, replacing damaged tissue with a fibrotic scar produced by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. This process is followed by remodeling of the surrounding myocardium, eventually leading to impaired cardiac function. Perivascular fibrosis, a hallmark for advanced vascular disease states, is often associated with elevated blood pressure, vascular stiffness, adverse vascular remodeling, and end-organ dysfunction.

The expansion and activation of fibroblasts following cardiac injury is important for repair but may also contribute to fibrosis, remodeling, and dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases, associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse effects. Perivascular fibrosis, characterized by increased amount of connective tissue around vessels, is a hallmark for vascular disease.

Perivascular cells, or pericytes, are microvascular support cells found in capillary beds in all tissues of the body. Vascular fibrosis is a widespread pathologic condition that arises during vascular remodeling in cardiovascular dysfunctions. The thickening of the extracellular matrix around cardiomyocytes is also a significant factor in perivascular fibrosis.

Cardiac fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the myocardium, distorts the architecture of the heart. This process involves an inflammation phase to remove dead cells and control potential pathogens, a remodeling/scarring phase to generate a new heart structure, and a final remodeling phase to restore the heart’s function.

What is meant by Perivascular?

The term “perivascular” is used to describe the tissues that surround a blood vessel, and it is used in reference to the function and occurrence of the vessel itself. The term is utilized in medical dictionary subscriptions for the purpose of accessing additional definitions and conducting advanced searches.

What is the perivascular tissue?

Perivascular adipose tissue is a type of fat depot found in lean animals that surrounds blood vessels. It is present in lean animals and increases with increasing adiposity. The composition of perivascular adipose tissue varies by blood vessel type, with resistance vessels containing predominantly white adipose tissue, while large vessels are characterized by both brown and white adipose tissue. This tissue also includes organ-specific fat depots, such as epicardial and perirenal fat, which are wrapped around the coronary and renal blood vessels.

Perivascular adipose tissue is contiguous with the adventitial layer of the blood vessel wall and was once believed to serve as scaffolding for blood vessels. Today, it is recognized as a metabolically active endocrine organ with important effects on vascular function. The close proximity of perivascular adipose tissue with the vascular adventitia allows for crosstalk between these two diverse cellular environments.

The normal function of perivascular adipose tissue is metabolically active, secreting a wide array of bioactive substances, termed ‘adipokines’. These include cytokines, chemokines, and hormones that can act in a paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine fashion. Only a minority of adipokines are secreted by adipocytes, while resident immune cells also produce adipokines. The secretion of adipokines by perivascular adipose tissue is important for vascular regulation under normal conditions. However, the vasoactive properties of perivascular adipose tissue have only recently begun to be explored.

What is a fibrotic change in the myocardium?

Myocardial fibrosis, a condition characterized by the expansion of the cardiac interstitium due to the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of various myocardial conditions. It may indicate the activation of reparative or maladaptive processes. Research has shown that ECM remodeling is involved in hypertensive heart disease and that post-infarct cardiac rupture can be a result of these processes. Further studies are needed to understand the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions of myocardial fibrosis.

What is the meaning of perivascular space?

Perivascular spaces, also known as Virchow-Robin spaces, are fluid-filled spaces surrounding blood vessels in organs like the brain, potentially having an immunological function or dispersive role for neural and blood-derived messengers. The brain pia mater is reflected from the surface of the brain onto the surface of blood vessels in the subarachnoid space. Perivascular cuffs are regions of leukocyte aggregation in these spaces, usually found in patients with viral encephalitis.

Perivascular spaces vary in dimension according to the type of blood vessel, with some brain structures, such as circumventricular organs, having large perivascular spaces surrounding highly permeable capillaries. In humans, perivascular spaces surrounding arteries and veins can be seen as areas of dilatation on MRI images. An increase in these spaces may correlate with the incidence of several neurodegenerative diseases, making the spaces a topic of research.

What is perivascular fibrosis?

Perivascular fibrosis, the formation of connective tissue around vessels, is a significant factor in cardiac dysfunction. Although it can be reversible under certain conditions, effective anti-fibrotic therapies remain elusive. This is due to the fact that cardiac fibrosis is reversible under certain conditions. The study is published in ScienceDirect and uses cookies, and all rights are reserved for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

What does fibrotic change mean?

Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition where the air sacs in the lungs become thick, stiff, and scarred, making the lung less efficient at delivering oxygen into the bloodstream. This stiffness makes it difficult to expand the lungs, causing shortness of breath. Various causes of pulmonary fibrosis include exposure to toxins like asbestos, coal dust, silica, certain medications, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to mold exposure, autoimmune conditions like systemic lupus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome, hereditary pulmonary fibrosis, and “idiopathic” cases.

Life for those living with pulmonary fibrosis begins with chronic dry cough and progresses to shortness of breath with exertion. This can lead to a decrease in exercise tolerance and promote a sedentary lifestyle. Prolonged muscle inactivity leads to deconditioning, making the patient more easily fatigued and shortness of breath with similar exertion.

Every person diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis has a unique experience, with some staying in stable condition for years and others experiencing rapidly worsening symptoms and overall health. To help yourself, maintain a healthy lifestyle and work closely with your healthcare team.

What is a fibrotic change in muscle?

The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) is a crucial part of skeletal muscle, providing a framework for myofibers, blood capillaries, and nerves. It plays a crucial role in force transmission, maintenance, and repair of muscle fibers. However, excessive accumulation of ECM components, particularly collagens, can lead to fibrosis, which impairs muscle function, negatively affects muscle regeneration after injury, and increases muscle susceptibility to re-injury.

This condition is a hallmark of muscular dystrophies, aging, and severe muscle injuries. Understanding the mechanisms of muscle fibrosis can help advance our understanding of dystrophic muscle diseases and develop innovative anti-fibrotic therapies to reverse fibrosis. This paper discusses the process of muscle fibrosis, murine models for studying fibrosis in skeletal muscles, factors regulating fibrosis, and strategies to inhibit muscle fibrosis.

What is vascular fibrosis?

Vascular fibrosis is a pathological condition that is defined by an aberrant process of wound healing in the vascular system. This results in an excessive production of collagen-secreting fibroblasts. This can result in the development of chronic diseases and organ failure. ScienceDirect employs the use of cookies, and all rights are reserved for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. The open access content is licensed under Creative Commons terms.

What is the meaning of Remodelling of tissue?

Tissue remodeling is the process of reorganizing or restoring existing tissues, which is responsible for the development and maintenance of tissues, organs, and overall morphology of an organism. It is responsible for the overall development and maintenance of tissues, organs, and overall morphology. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

What is fibrotic Remodelling?

Fibrosis is a significant clinical challenge worldwide due to its association with excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which can lead to tissue remodeling, disorganization of tissue architecture, and potential deterioration of organ function. It is present in many different organs and increases the risk of mortality and morbidity in various diseases. Despite its prevalence, fibrosis remains a major challenge without effective therapies.

Tissue repair and regeneration are essential for multicellular organisms, as they impact trauma adaptation and function preservation. These biological activities occur across various organ systems by activating and recruiting tissue-specific progenitor cells with cell differentiation potential. The outcomes of regeneration and fibrosis induced by injury vary due to distinct molecular cascades and cellular interactions.

Stem cells can switch the trend toward the irreversible progression of fibrosis, potentially improving health. When bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are administered, they serve as the conductor to mediate cellular responses beneficial for tissue regeneration instead of fibrosis. However, BM-MSCs also have a contradictory role in assisting the generation of myofibroblasts (MFs), suggesting they may have dual roles in fibrosis.

Pericytes, another cell population with similar MSC features, participate in injury repair with tissue regeneration but also play double-edged functions implicated in the development of fibrosis. The regulation and determination of the switch between fibrosis and regeneration in pericytes remains unclear, making them a potential candidate for cell therapy for fibrosis resolution and tissue regeneration.

What is the meaning of kidney fibrosis?

Kidney fibrosis is a condition caused by the excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, primarily in the kidney interstitium, leading to structural damage, impaired renal function, and eventual end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This condition is characterized by the use of cookies on this site, and all rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.