Steel rebar, also known as reinforcing steel, is a popular and widely used metal in the construction industry. It offers energy efficiency, cost savings, and high-quality steel, making it a more sustainable and cost-effective option compared to traditional construction methods. The four main types of steel used in construction are carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, and tool steel. Carbon steel is unique in its absence of other elements, offering significant advantages such as speed of construction, safety, value for money, robustness and ductility, prefabrication, reduced weight, and architectural appeal.
Aluminum is another widely used and recycled material in the construction industry due to its physical properties. Wrought and cast irons are two products with specific objectives in construction. Copper is a popular choice due to its corrosion resistance, stain resistance, and durability. Titanium is characterized by a good price-performance ratio.
There are five types of steel used in construction: mild steel, stainless steel, tool steel, alloy steel, and steel. High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel is typically the best steel for big constructions, as it is highly resistant and durable. Aluminum is a common metal in modern buildings and is used for window frames, door frames, cladding, and roofing. Steel is also an efficient material for construction, minimizing labor by being easier to use than other materials.
In summary, steel rebar, aluminum, alloy steel, and copper are essential materials for the construction industry due to their unique properties and benefits. By choosing the right metal for your project, you can save money on your new building and enjoy the benefits of steel structures.
📹 Construction materials/Building materials/Materials used in building/ List of construction materials
Constructional_materials #ListofConstructionMaterials #Building_Materials # Construction materials/List of construction …
Why is metal a good building material?
Metal is a durable, energy-efficient, and recyclable building material that can withstand significant wear and tear, making it ideal for construction projects. It is suitable for garages, buildings of all sizes, and is resistant to weather and pest damage. Metal buildings are also fire-resistant, making them suitable for areas near busy roads or fire-prone areas. They offer a modern look that adds elegance to any construction project. By using metal as the primary building material, one can reduce their environmental impact and contribute to a healthier planet. Overall, metal is an excellent choice for construction projects.
What is the best type of metal building?
The top five best metal buildings are arch style, open web, hybrid open web truss, tube steel, C-Channel, and rigid frame. Arch style steel buildings, also known as Quonset huts, are prefabricated structures made from corrugated steel with a semicircular cross-section and rounded roof. They offer less interior space due to the wall slope towards the foundation and require a full concrete slab, increasing construction costs. Other options include tube steel, C-Channel, and rigid frame. The choice depends on project, budget, and location.
What is the strongest material to build a building?
Steel is the strongest construction material available, with a strength-to-weight ratio 25 times greater than wood. This makes it difficult to compare steel structures with wood, as a wooden frame would have to weigh many times more to be as strong as a steel frame. Steel offers the greatest strength for the least weight and the greatest value for its cost. Unlike wood and concrete, steel is extremely strong in both compression and tension, making it more prone to failure under a load.
Concrete, for example, is strong in compression but weak under tension, making it often reinforced with steel rebar to add tensile strength. This combination of tensile and compressive strength gives steel great resistance to high wind loads and roof loads, such as snow and ice. In 1999, an Autumn View model in Mendon, Louisiana, weathered a direct strike from a 150 mph tornado without significant damage.
What is the highest quality metal?
Tungsten, the world’s strongest metal, is the most widely used and strongest metal. Steel is the second strongest and most widely used metal. Other strong metals include Chromium, Titanium, Iron, Vanadium, and Lutetium. Metals are crucial in various industries, including medicine, building construction, and machinery. Tensile strength, the ability of a material to resist tension, is a key factor when choosing a metal for a project. This strength is the amount of force required to pull or stretch the metal apart.
What kind of metal is used in buildings?
Steel, aluminium, iron, and copper are the four most common metals used in construction. Steel is widely used due to its versatility and sustainability, as it is 100% recyclable and can be reused infinitely without losing properties. As a plant that recycles ferrous metal, we understand the importance of this metal in construction. Our processes can recycle up to 2000 tonnes of ferrous metal per week, preventing mining for raw materials and supporting a more sustainable future.
What is the most durable metal for construction?
Titanium is a lightweight, durable metal popular in the construction industry, particularly in heating and cooling systems due to its high corrosion resistance. Its high level of corrosion resistance makes it resistant to damage caused by hurricanes, wildfires, or major hurricanes. Titanium’s high level of corrosion resistance makes it a durable and cost-effective option for various applications.
What type of metals have properties that make them good building materials?
Carbon steel, aluminum, copper tubing, and stainless steel are metals that are durable, strong, and corrosion-resistant. They are commonly used in the building industry, where they are employed in the fabrication of a wide range of structures, including door frames, highways, pipes, and staircases. Should you have any urgent inquiries, please do not hesitate to contact us on 855. The number 954 is used to indicate a specific quantity or measurement. 5086.
What is the strongest metal for building?
The list of the strongest metals on earth includes osmium, stainless steel, chromium, titanium aluminide, tungsten carbide, carbon steel, magnesium alloy, and steel-iron nickel alloy. The toughness of these metals depends on factors such as yield, compressive strength, hardness, and other properties. Choosing the right metal is crucial for building a strong foundation for various applications and constructions.
Tungsten, with a remarkable strength of 1510 megapascals and the highest tensile strength of any pure metal, is one of the strongest metals on Earth. Its exceptional attributes have led to its widespread use in various industries, including bullets, missiles, metal evaporation work, paints, electron and television tubes, and glass-to-metal seals.
What is the highest quality steel?
Grade 304 is the most versatile austenitic stainless steel, known for its high tensile strength of approximately 621 MPa (90 ksi). It is used for various applications due to its tensile strength, temperature, and corrosion resistance. Grade 309, a nickel-chromium stainless steel, has similar tensile strength and chemical resistance to grade 304 and is suitable for high-heat applications like furnace parts, aircraft engines, automotive exhaust systems, and oven liners. Grade 405 is suitable for mild corrosive applications due to its weaker corrosion resistance, as it does not harden when cooled after welding due to the additional aluminum content.
What is the strongest metal to build with?
The five strongest metals are osmium, steel, chromium, titanium, and tungsten. These metals are essential in modern society, particularly in construction and technology. They form the foundations of buildings, vehicles, and mobile phones. The most valued property of all metals is their strength, which can be measured in four ways:
Strength: Osmium is a bluish white metal with a melting point of 3030 degrees Celsius. It is extremely tough and has a melting point of 3030 degrees Celsius.
Hardness: Steel is the most hard metal, with a melting point of 3030 degrees Celsius. It is the most durable and ductile.
Hardness: Chromium is the most hard metal, with a melting point of 3030 degrees Celsius.
What is the best type of steel for building?
Plain carbon steel, also referred to as mild steel, is the most prevalent type of steel utilized in the construction industry due to its exceptional strength and durability. This solution is flexible for contractors, builders, and do-it-yourselfers alike, requiring minimal maintenance once constructed. The ability to customize metal buildings through custom engineering and design allows owners to align the structure’s appearance and functionality with their specific requirements.
📹 Understanding Metals
To be able to use metals effectively in engineering, it’s important to have an understanding of how they are structured at the atomic …
As an engineer with many years of experiences in material sciences and a Youtuber which covers mostly metal material models (youtu.be/qccyQFzIMFM), I can say you did the impossible. This is a very important but also difficult topic and your 17 min presentation it worth more than most Professors could teach in half a year of lectures, very well done.
I’m thrilled that you are able to present so much information in such a short time. This is precisely the level of detail I think introductions to subjects should be made. It can often be daunting to pick up a textbook in order to quickly get an idea of the subject because the textbooks often go immediately to the final level of detail without providing any kind of overview first. Here you are teaching the basic ideas of perhaps a whole textbook in one 18 minute article. Keep up your amazing work!
I cant believe how much you cover in this article and the visual examples are excellent, metals and the innumerable combinations and interactions with temperatures and its final crystalline structures as a result will always be beyond me, but you have given me a better understanding of whats actually happening to the alloys you covered then working with them all my adult life, i hope you will cover more in the future. Thank you for your great work.
As a metallurgical and materials engineer, I have to say that your article is a must-watch for someone interested in the field of physical metallurgy. That was a very concise summary of such a broad field of engineering that touched upon all the basics in such a short period of time. I have to admit that I took the same approach of presenting the basics last year, as an introduction to my texture of metallic materials presentation to my MSc. peers, but god I wished I had such great animations. Well done and keep up your terrific work!
The corrosion resistance mechanism is pretty cool. Let me know if I’m wrong when I describe this. Iron oxidizes as we all know in to rust. Rust doesn’t repel water especially well, so iron deeper and deeper down continues to oxidize. Chromium still oxidizes as well. However, its oxides are hydrophobic, so only the outermost layer can oxidize, protecting the rest of the metal from oxidation. When you combine iron and chromium, there may be some iron that oxidizes, but because it passes through, it can still oxidize the chromium, creating a waterproof layer that protects both the chromium and iron inside from further oxidation. But IIRC, chromium oxidizes faster, so it creates its protective layer before much of the iron can oxidize in the first place. So it isn’t that stainless steel doesn’t oxidize, it’s that its oxidation state is waterproof. It creates its own waterproof layer.
I learned rural blacksmithing when I was a youth, so it’s really neat to see the reasons down to the molecular level the quenching and tempering we did. Based on the last diagram, I guess we were aiming for a mix of austenite and cementite for some things, and ferrite and cementite for others, so interesting!
Brass mostly sucks to machine. If you’re just flycutting or doing lathe stuff it’s like butter, but if you have to drill or grind it, oh my God it can be a nightmare. It heats up so fast and expands so keeping tolerance can be tricky, it isn’t magnetic so you can’t slap it on a grinder and have to set it up in a little vise and even then you need to keep it super cool, it gums up like aluminum on drills and grinding wheels But yeah if you’re just profiling or milling it’s pretty nice. That is often not the case though in my experience. I guess i would say Brass is a fairly deceptive metal when it comes to machining. You’d think it’d be super duper easy, but it can really kick you in the nuts. By the way amazing article 🙂
Really interesting introductory article in metallic materials! Only a small clarification that may have confused some viewers. You said that FCC can dissolve more carbon atoms than BCC in the iron lattice. However someone would wonder why that is, since the BCC has a lower atomic packing factor and thus it would make sense that the extra space would be able to dissolve larger amount of interstitial atoms. While that is true, it is worth mentioning that, even though BCC structure has more space in total than the FCC, the effective space that can actually take interstitial atoms is larger in the FCC, accounting for the higher solubility.
The visualisations! Nearly all the comment’s are praising how good your animations are, but still it just doesn’t feel enough!! Honestly, the best animations I have ever seen on all of STEM Youtube. Couple that with your to the point, precise and easy to follow naratation, and you got a winner!! Seriously. My favourite physics website on all YouTube. Please keep up with this GOD DAMN FREAKING AMAZING Stuff!
Another point: as a structural material, aluminium is mainly used because of its high stiffness per unit weight in bending and torsion. Not so much because of its strength. Cost comes in, too, as does ease of shaping, joining, and finishing. Material selection is almost never a single variable optimization problem.
I have an engineering degree from Turkey but i work as an unskilled worker in canada. Most of the time i feel worthless. However, philosophy means the love for knowledge so i may think like i am a philospher by reviewing that kind of theoretical knowledge that can’t be turned in to money_or career-at least in my case.
The American Chemical Society (ACS) officially adopted aluminum in 1925, but in 1990 The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) accepted aluminium as the international standard. And so we land today: with aluminum used by the English speakers of North America, and aluminium used everywhere else.
Great articles! You must spend a ton of time (mixed units 😉 ) making these animations. I think that it’s worth noting how many classical applications for steel are being changed by application of aluminum alloys, making aluminum more often the first-line choice in structural and “decorative” designs?
I’m currently doing A Level Design Tech and part of my coursework is to design something of our choice this will involve Low fidelity and medium fidelity prototyping of some sort. Do you think it is possible for me to design an aerofoil or something? I want it to link to aerospace Engineering. Do you have any ideas on what I could do?
I am studying mechanical engineering right now and have a subject of materials and this is exactly what is being presented by a top university! Very good job! Would it be possible that the next article would be about polymers🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏? We are going to have exam about metals and polymers and It really helps me and my fellow companions(around 300-400 students😅) to have a good visualization of the subject and then solve better exercises! Thank you really and well done😊!!!!!
I am studying for my ANST Level 3 certification (for nondestructive testing) and need to know the basics of metal formation and processing for my exam. These articles are absolutely perfect. They cover exactly what is required for the test but are so much more digestible than pages of dry text. Thank you- keep up the good work!!!
11:05 It is inappropriate to say “point twenty-five” instead of “point two five” because twenty-five is its own number, and a positive integer, not a negative one. You wouldn’t say “point one thousand one hundred and eleven” when reading the number 0.1111- you’d say “point one one one one”. The problem is further realized when you soon after say “between point twenty-five and point six”. 25 is higher than 6, so in this context it potentially lowers the listener’s ability to understand.
O percentual dos elementos é determinado de acordo com a aplicação do componente; É feito a mistura; A carga de compactação; Têmpera (Controlada no tempo dos estágios onde oscila o grau da temperatura para obter a liga uniforme da composição! É analisado a mistura antes e depois da compactação e em todos os estágios da têmpera! Extrema responsabilidade, Controlado periódicamente e acesso restrito desde o recebimento da matéria prima, ferramental, laboratório na linha de produção auditado por amostragem ; Eng° Químico e o Contato Técnico Comercial! Controle de Qualidade Total! Metalurgia (Processo de Sinterização). O Eng° Químico participa anualmente de reciclagem evolutiva na Espanha! O solo analisado nos termos de compatibilidade para o estrutural da prensa de compactação que sua carga/ton é de acordo com os componentes à serem produzidos; Equipamentos de última geração ; Medição dimensional; Teste laboratorial dinamômetro, microscópio, balança…; “Receita de Pão” tem que ter amor e mão; a peça crua, queimada, sujeira interna!! PROCESSO É LINDO; O processo de Fabricação de Chapa Matriz para Impressão Gráfica, semelhante! PROCESSO LINDO, também somente o Químico e o Supervisor(Camada) que comanda e na linha produtiva 14 funcionários ja com o Supervisor(Camada) e o Quimico, matéria prima Bobina de alumínio 5 à 10 ton/ folha 0,14 mm expessura!!!
00:07 Metals are an important category of engineering materials, with a focus on a few key elements such as iron, aluminum, and titanium. 02:20 Metals have different types of unit cells including face-centred cubic (FCC), body-centred cubic (BCC), and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures. 04:33 Dislocations in metals affect the lattice structure. 06:53 Metal solidification creates multiple lattices and grain boundaries 09:06 Metals can be strengthened through techniques like cold rolling or forging, known as work hardening. 11:25 Understanding Metals – Summary 13:44 Precipitation hardening strengthens materials 16:03 Learn about metals and alloying Crafted by Merlin AI.
3:35 i had a question recently which said “what is the scale fsctor as x iron changes into y iron” (went from fcc to bcc or vice versa) and the answer was 1.09. just by doing 0.74/0.68, the packing rates provided at 3:35, i can now see how im supposed to get to thst answer. Thank you! Guess youtube is good revision after all 😅
And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent: (Acts 17:30) Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God. (James 4:4) Enter ye in at the strait gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat: Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it. (Matthew 7:13-14)
Your numbers on % of carbon to iron to make which kind of steel are wrong. Mild steel is up to 0.37% carbon and steels 1%-2% carbon are called ultra high carbon steel. 2%-3% carbon are grey cast iron with 3%-4% being white cast iron. Totally left out transformation temperature, martensite and carbon equivalents. Could have explained hardness and strength more in depth as they are not the same and this could be relevant to peoples understand of why one steel is used for an application over another. Your use of the word defect is questionable as well. A defect leads to a total failure where as irregularities are something that can be worked around with other processes. Aluminum 6063 is not a wrought Al it is an aluminum alloy with magnesium. But then again im just a welder, what would i really know. 🤷♂️
Metallurgy is definitely a very interesting topic. Myself only knowing enough to get by. But I had worked with someone, who gave up a full time job to study Metallurgy full time. I did see him again, around 4 years later, and asked if he was still continuing with his studies. He just smiled, and said I am 4 years into this course and I still have so much to learn. I asked why ? He replied, I have 1 year of this course to go. Then I can start to study materials ?? Of course you can devote your whole life to study if you have a passion to learn more. I was always curious, will he actually have time to work again in his life ??
Wow, your articles are EXACTLY what I’ve needed to review and refresh myself on various manufacturing topics! After several months of unemployment, I just started a new job as a manufacturing QA/QC inspector. The speed of the presentations is perfect! (Those super-brains can just crank it up if need be.) Plus, the visuals are spectacular!
Recently noticed that so many youtube STEM articles are a rehash of other articles. This article has sooo much unique, fresh concepts very efficiently explained. I watched it at 2x speed to learn what’s here, so I will be back to watch many more times for details as this is basically a high-level encyclopedia of metallurgy.
Your article is good except you talk about metal strength often and metal ductibility rarely. You ignore brittleness (opposite of ductile). And never mention that for a particular metal as you increase strength you decrease ductileness (make it more brittle). Without that important concept explained most people will assume that it is always better to increase strength. A very strong metal that is brittle can fail easier than a lower strength more ductile material. A ductile metal deforms easier while a brittle metal resists deformation but shatters. This is one of the major reasobs why there are many alloys that are designed for specific uses. Use an alloy for a bridge girder that is too ductile and it will fail due to loads (it will bend too easily). Use an allow that is too brittle and the load will cause the girder to shatter. The chosen alloy needs to be ductile enough to prevent shattering yet not so ductile as to have excessive bending. I’ll also mention that there are several types of metal strength that describe various properties. These include tensile, compression, yield, impact, shear and fatigue. Just describing an allow as high strength is an over simplification.
You have made it possible to understand that b/c the carbon atom is smaller than the iron atom…I can see where the carbon atom fits in. This is huge…Thank you so so much. This helps my understanding of metals. I know that the stainless steel family warps so much from welding. This has to be b/c the grains of the chrome & nickle are so close together. The heat from a weld has a hard time “leaving”. Take aluminum…the heat from a weld travels away from the heated area fast (b/c) the alum. grains are not as close together. Still, with alum there can be warping, have to use restrictive heat techniques. The carbon steel group…about inbetween s/s & alum. It warps if restrictive steps are not taken. Not as much warping as s/s. Great pics of what you explain…Thank you, Pete
I am a mechanical engineering student at Mediterranean College in Athens, Greece. This website has nearly everything we studied in three courses during the entire 2nd year. If those who are reading this are seeking some materials to self-study engineering, I highly encourage you to watch all these articles and learn from them, you will basically get the same knowledge I did this year at college as a full-time student.
Steel sheet used for exposed automotive panels are sometimes “interstitial free” so that they can be more formable and provide desired results when stamp formed. I believe such steel is produced using a vacuum degas process that promotes the removal of certain impurities or substances from the molten steel. I think that this process allows ultra low levels of carbon in the steel to be attained.
13:24 fun fact: Why is there alpha, gamma and delta phase, but no beta phase? Historically it was thought for iron that there was an additional phase transition into a beta phase. But it was found out that the crystal only changes its magnetic properties, not its crystal ordering. Hence, only alpha iron remained and beta iron became obsolete.