Neutron stars are the cinders left when massive stars implode, shedding their outer layers in supernova explosions. They are poised on the edge of collapsing into a black hole, and the immense gravitational pressure squeezes their interior. A neutron star is the imploded core of a massive star produced by a supernova explosion, with a typical mass of 1.4 times the mass of the sun. Most Type II supernovae leave behind an extremely dense neutron star, which is a compact object supported by degenerate-neutron pressure.
Scientists have no idea what neutron stars’ interiors look like because physics predicts that deep inside the cores of neutron stars, the pressure exerted by gravity is too much. While astronomical observations provide some information about the stars’ interior, they don’t reveal their exact make-up. Theoretical calculations involve describing the state of matter inside a neutron star.
Neutron stars encompass “normal” stars, with hadronic matter exteriors where the surface pressure and baryon density vanish. As the star evolves away from the main sequence, stellar nucleosynthesis produces an iron-rich core, which must be supported by degeneracy pressure alone when all nuclear fuel in the core has been exhausted. Neutron stars have exceptionally strong magnetic fields around them and rotate extremely rapidly due to the conservation of angular momentum. Their crystalline crusts contain relatively ordinary electrons and ions, including neutrons and protons.
The inner core of a neutron star could be made of a soup of quarks, the particles that make up protons and neutrons. These stars are composed of nuclear matter produced by some types of supernovae, which occur when massive stars run out of fuel to power nuclear fusion reactions. Newly formed neutron stars have extremely strong magnetic fields, making the interior structure of a neutron star fairly uncertain.
📹 Neutron Stars – The Most Extreme Things that are not Black Holes
Neutron stars are one of the most extreme and violent things in the universe. Giant atomic nuclei, only a few kilometers in diameter …
What is the inner structure of a neutron?
Atomic nuclei and visible matter are composed of protons and neutrons, but many properties of these natural building blocks remain unknown. The neutron, an uncharged particle, resists many types of measurement and has many unanswered questions about its size and lifetime. Physicists use electromagnetic form factors to describe the dynamic inner structure of the neutron, representing an average distribution of electric charge and magnetization within the neutron.
The BESIII Experiment in China has recently proven to be over 60 times more accurate than previous measurements in the energy range of 2 to 3. 8 gigaelectronvolts. This data fills a blank space on the neutron form factor map, which was previously unknown territory. This data is now as precise as that obtained in corresponding scattering experiments, allowing for a more comprehensive picture of the neutron.
In conclusion, the BESIII Experiment has provided a more accurate understanding of the neutron’s structure and form factors, filling a blank space on the form factor map and providing a more comprehensive picture of this important building block of nature.
Is neutron star material stable?
Neutron stars, the oldest known neutron stars, have been observed to remain stable over long timescales, potentially spanning hundreds of millions of years. Nevertheless, if a single free neutron were to be present, it would decay after a mean lifetime of approximately 15 minutes. This prompts the question of why neutrons decay when they are not in an atom, given that they are not in an atom.
What is the strongest material in the neutron star?
Nuclear pasta is a theoretical type of degenerate matter that is postulated to exist within the crusts of neutron stars, making it the strongest material in the universe. Between the surface of a neutron star and the quark-gluon plasma at the core, there are comparable magnitudes of nuclear attraction and Coulomb repulsion forces. This competition leads to the formation of complex structures assembled from neutrons and protons, which are called nuclear pasta.
Neutron stars form as remnants of massive stars after a supernova event. They do not consist of a gaseous plasma but instead consist of a compact ball of nearly pure neutron matter with sparse protons and electrons interspersed. At the surface, the pressure is low enough for conventional nuclei to exist independently, but at the core, the pressure is so great that it cannot support individual nuclei, resulting in the existence of ultra-dense matter, such as the theorized quark-gluon plasma.
What is the interior of a neutron star like?
Neutron stars are among the densest objects in the cosmos, with an average diameter of 12 miles and a density of 72, 000 times larger than our sun. They are named for their cores’ powerful gravity, which allows most positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons to combine into uncharged neutrons. Neutron stars produce no new heat but are extremely hot when they form and cool slowly, with an average temperature of 1. 8 million degrees Fahrenheit.
Neutron star collisions are one of the universe’s main sources of heavy elements like gold and uranium. Nucleosynthesis is the process of creating new atomic nuclei from pre-existing protons and neutrons, occurring during neutron star collisions, supernovae, star burning, or the Big Bang. The DOE Office of Science supports research in nuclear astrophysics, funding two university-based centers of excellence, the Cyclotron Institute at Texas A and M University, and the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory.
The Nuclear Physics program at the DOE Office of Science also funds research on the Big Bang, stars, supernovae, and neutron star mergers and their roles as sources of elements. The DOE supports experiments at Jefferson Lab, which measures the distribution of neutrons in nuclei to study the properties of dense nuclear matter and neutron-rich matter.
What is the interior of a neutron star believed to contain?
The atmosphere and crust of neutron stars are largely composed of nuclei, similar to Earth’s matter. The outer core, about half a kilometer into the star, is primarily composed of neutrons with a small fraction of protons. The inner core, where many theories predict a phase transition, includes exotic physics such as hyperons, heavy resonances, and free quarks and gluons. A paper has isolated thermodynamic signatures associated with this transition, identifying bumps, kinks, and plateaus in the speed of sound from the surface to the inner core.
Researchers used the Illinois Campus Cluster at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications to generate over one million guesses for the speed of sound in the core of a neutron star. They calculated the macroscopic properties of a neutron star population for each of these separate hypotheses and compared these predictions to real observations of neutron stars to associate a statistical weight to each individual hypothesis.
What is the strongest material in the universe?
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed a method to study the material properties of neutron stars, which are the strongest material in the universe. The crusts of neutron stars are made of ions arranged in a crystal lattice, and a teaspoon of this superlative matter would weigh 5 tons if brought to Earth’s surface. To model these crusts with fluid dynamics models, Irina Sagert and her team used a smoothed-particle hydrodynamics code called FleCSPH to model waves in a neutron star’s crust.
These waves are thought to explain features observed in X-ray flares from neutron stars and may affect the gravitational-wave signal produced when neutron stars spiral toward a collision. Previous studies using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics to explore the behavior of neutron stars treated them as fluid through and through, including their solid crusts. Sagert’s team’s model includes a solid crust atop a fluid core, allowing for more accurate study of this extreme material.
What is the internal structure of a neutron star?
The structure of a neutron star is contingent upon the nature of its constituents, which include neutrons, protons, electrons, and exotic particles. The central region is predominantly composed of neutrons, held together by the strong nuclear force.
What is the material inside a neutron star?
Neutron stars are composed of at most 95 neutrons and possibly even less. Their crystalline crusts contain electrons and ions, including neutrons and protons. As gravitational pressure increases with depth, neutrons squeeze out of the nuclei, which dissolve completely. Most protons merge with electrons, while a smattering remain for stability. Deeper still, in the core, the density reaches twice that of an atomic nucleus, where matter may transform again, releasing even the quarks that make up neutrons. Nuclear physicists offer various answers to the mystery of neutron star interiors, using quantum chromodynamics to predict the behavior of particles.
What holds up a neutron star?
Neutron stars, once formed, no longer generate heat and cool over time but may evolve further through collisions or accretion. Most basic models suggest they are composed almost entirely of neutrons, as the extreme pressure causes electrons and protons in normal matter to combine into additional neutrons. Neutron degeneracy pressure partially supports these stars against further collapse, but repulsive nuclear forces increasingly contribute to supporting more massive neutron stars.
If the remnant star has a mass exceeding the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit, the combination of degeneracy pressure and nuclear forces is insufficient to support the neutron star, causing it to collapse and form a black hole. The most massive neutron star detected so far is estimated to be 2. 35 ± 0. 17 M ☉. Newly formed neutron stars may have surface temperatures of ten million K or more, but they inexorably cool down after their formation. Older and even-cooler neutron stars are still easy to discover, such as the well-studied neutron star RX J1856.
5−3754, which has an average surface temperature of about 434, 000 K. Neutron star material is remarkably dense, with a normal-sized matchbox containing neutron-star material having a weight of approximately 3 billion tonnes.
How are neutron stars stable?
Neutron stars, once formed, no longer generate heat and cool over time but may evolve further through collisions or accretion. Most basic models suggest they are composed almost entirely of neutrons, as the extreme pressure causes electrons and protons in normal matter to combine into additional neutrons. Neutron degeneracy pressure partially supports these stars against further collapse, but repulsive nuclear forces increasingly contribute to supporting more massive neutron stars.
If the remnant star has a mass exceeding the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit, the combination of degeneracy pressure and nuclear forces is insufficient to support the neutron star, causing it to collapse and form a black hole. The most massive neutron star detected so far is estimated to be 2. 35 ± 0. 17 M ☉. Newly formed neutron stars may have surface temperatures of ten million K or more, but they inexorably cool down after their formation. Older and even-cooler neutron stars are still easy to discover, such as the well-studied neutron star RX J1856.
5−3754, which has an average surface temperature of about 434, 000 K. Neutron star material is remarkably dense, with a normal-sized matchbox containing neutron-star material having a weight of approximately 3 billion tonnes.
What holds neutrons together in a neutron star?
Neutron stars, often referred to as macroscopic atomic nuclei, are composed of nucleons and share a similar density. However, they differ in that they are held together by gravity, with a uniform density. Neutron stars are predicted to have multiple layers with varying compositions and densities. The equations of state for neutron stars produce different observables, such as mass-radius relations. Astronomical constraints on these equations come from LIGO and NICER, which use observations of pulsars in binary systems to estimate their mass and radius.
A 2021 measurement of the pulsar PSR J0740+6620 constrains the radius of a 1. 4 solar mass neutron star to 12. 33 +0. 76 −0. 8 km with 95 confidence. These constraints, combined with chiral effective field theory calculations, tighten constraints on the neutron star equation of state.
📹 Neutron Stars: The Most Extreme Objects in the Universe
We’ve traveled to lots of weird places on this show – from the interiors of black holes to the time before the big bang. But today I …
The cool thing is we are all spent star parts basically but became a living star if that makes sense like it’s material cam together in such a way life happened and now walks the earth which is more star material that’s been spent but not alive may contain ingredients for life though and to keep life alive it’s all basic but just thinking how this is like stars reborn or reincarnation to a whole new level is pretty awesome.
It would be interesting to “see” what it would look like if you were hypothetically standing on the surface of a neutron star (obviously impossible due to the intense gravity but still). There would be quite a bit of gravitational lensing, so it’d be really neat to see a render of what it would look like. Not nearly as much as a black hole, but I wonder if you could look in front of you and see the back of your head.
Just wanted to point out that the radiation cones don’t actually come out at opposite sides of the neutron star. Anton Petrov did an episode about a study of this thematic. So maybe it’s time that graphics about neutron stars need to be adjusted to reflect the new discoveries, just like we did with black holes.
Thank you for doing what you do here. You’re an amazing host and your website along with a couple others changed my life for the better. This one the most though. Since I started perusal years ago, I look at the world differently. Sometimes it makes me sad to look around, but other times I am utterly amazed that anything exists at all.
I really want to know if the weak gravitational waves from massive objects are responsible for at least part of the seemingly random fluctuations in quantum systems. The waves pushing those particles around in unpredictable ways and giving the push needed to tunnel small distances at those scales among other things
Thanks for going where too many scientists I’ve heard refuse to venture, piloting the indestructible spaceship of imagination, powered by fusing curiosity with scientific hypotheses, to help us visualise the possible reality of these amazing objects. Imagining how it might appear through our senses helps bring theory to life, for me. Good work.
Hi Matt, Don’t you think that it is incorrect to call them stars as these Winsome, intriguing, bewitching and resounding objects do not have their own Core fusion Reaction . Whats your thoughts over this? Your articles are always splendid and sesquipedalian and full of myriad of information and knowledge . Thanks for making Quantum and Cosmos a way too much intelligible,ingenious,lucid and categorical. 😃😃😃😃😃🤗
I love Neutron Stars. I remember reading the weird science series and one of the claims always struck with me. If you dropped a marshmellow from orbit it would land with the force of a nuke. Also as a creative writer I have a series I would like to one day publish that blurs the lines of science and magic. One of the climatic fights involves an important character beating an antogonist via harnessing the power of a binary neutron star system at the moment the two stars merge and then desync. All that power delivered to a jawline. KO! Looks like I will have to update that section with descriptions of the bending of nuclear spaghettit tubes, the undulations of the nuclear lasagna, the crashing of ten cm tall mountains and how bosons bored through the antangonists brain as their jawline briefly becomes degenrate under the pressure. Previously I just really described it in terms of a cosmic ballerina dance where two partners become one all the way down to the quantum level before seperating the embrace. That’s the moment the punch lands. As the two stars disentangle and revert to their relatively speaking stable orbit around one another.
I was about to go to sleep an hour ago. Then, I noticed Man of Recaps had uploaded a recap for Dexter. So naturally, I watched it. After that, I was sure I’d go to sleep. Then, I noticed Science Clic English had uploaded a article about falling into a black hole. There was no way I could miss that. So I watched it. Finally, just when I was sure I’d definitely go to sleep now, PBS Space Time uploads a article about neutron stars. Am I destined to be sleepless tonight?
Without astrophysics, cosmology, quantum mechanics, advancement of optics etc. over the last century. Chemistry could not exist in the way it does now. I’m pretty sure spectroscopy was originally developed by some incredible genius looking at the stars and making as many calculations as possible based on the photon’s properties, were able to gather such information about huge celestial bodies. As a 3rd year Chemistry undergraduate I feel that I can still only understand a small amount of the information you convey and mostly just on a superficial level. But the way you perfectly drive home many fundamental chemical principals in the context of astrophysics is beautiful. It makes me see chemistry/physics in a different light (no pun intended).
This is why I don’t think black holes magically do something at the event horizon. Aren’t they just bigger neutron stars? They would still have a surface just like the neutron star. It’s just that the gravity got large enough so that light can’t escape. I don’t why they would have a singularity at the core either. Wouldn’t they just have this pasta as well? Or maybe something a bit more exotic?
Is neutron star seismology a thing? Is it possible in the transition of the Cooper pair core up through the lasagna and spaghetti layers for there to be faults like we have on Earth, i.e. strike-slip and subduction? Is there convection (for lack of a better term, quantum convection) in these layers to drive such phenomena?
@11:45 You state that spin 1/2 particles (which fall under the Pauli exclusion principle) form spin whole bosons (which don’t fall under the Pauli exclusion principle). Would that mean that at that place the density keeps fluctuation? Do they quickly change back and forth to spin 1/2 particles in rapid succession?
Concerning space travel…..if speeds can be dramatically increased, how do we know as we travel out further in distance and closer in time light takes to reach us that we will not travel right into an EMP from a neutron star or hypernova event? I think the idea of interstellar space travel is ridiculous, the distances make it totally impracticable if not impossible. P.S. as the years pass and i watch these articles the “most powerful force in the universe” changes almost monthly. Do love these articles…..
I count black holes as actual objects, but I don’t count them as actually in the universe because everything inside the event horizon is outside everything else’s light cone. (Though I’m still a little confused as to how the mass inside them can affect things outside the event horizon, seeing as it’s an event horizon and all.)
If you had a sword made of nuclear pasta and you were battling a Sith Lord (so, totally possible), what would that scene look like?? Would it’s gravity counteract a force shove? Would a light saber cut through it, or would the mighty pasta sword absorb the light saber and “become even more powerful than you can possibly imagine”?
I was curious what you thought about this idea. 1. EARTH MOVING IN A CIRCLE at 1000 MPH. 2. EARTH FLYING AT 70,000 MPH around the sun. 3. THE SUN MOVING AT 500,000 MPH around the galaxy. 4. THE GALAXY flying at 1.3 million MPH. Now, according to Einstein and equations, math gets us pretty far. But our understanding of space time seems to suggest that we are stretching or bending space itself causing gravity. My idea is… if earth is flying fast, it would make space change shape behind it. Always behind it. As an object moves over. Empty space moves in to fill the new void like a shadow would. Or like when matter gets in the way. Because it fills in like a wave. Anything caught in that vortex will be pulled in, it will seem. But in actuality there’s no pulling force, it’s just that. As the earth tries to take off from underneath you, space keeps flowing you right back into it like a beach wave. ☑️🤛💯💥☺️
To make it all simple, the neutron star is formed by the star exploding and instantly burning off all its elements except the residual iron from its original core. The Electromagnetic Energy draws and shrinks all the iron element back into a highly condensed iron ball spinning thousands of times faster than the stars original core with a much more powerful gravitational force. I believe that this new residual core could possibly form into a new reconstructed star over an untold number of years. The very high rate of spinning would have slowed, over time, as all the old burnt off elements would be replaced over time until it again reached a fusion state as the surrounding hydrogen ignited again into a new star as part of a galaxy. I believe that this is theoretically possible as there is more happening out there than we know or can imagine.
Watching this article and learning abt the magnetism inside these objects got me wondering if magnetism can be affected by gravity. I know gravity waves do escape from black holes and neutron stars…. but what abt magnetism. Do they originate from the cores of these things or just from the surface only. Also can magnetic activities from the core escape these insane gravity from BH and NS.
You discuss the theoretical changes to matter as the pressure increases in a neutron star. These conditions can not be directly measured. Has anyone made a plausible argument for how this process continues as the mass increase to become a black hole? If the matter eventually becomes all gluons (or photons or other bosons), my understanding is bosons do not adhere to the Pauli exclusion principle and this could allow the ‘singularity’ at the core of a black hole.
It’s pretty crazy how we r all going to die then what. I want to be reincarnated into space, I don’t want it to end here, I want to go out there, be in the dark cold beautiful space. Being apart of something greater. Maybe I already am, I just don’t know, maybe you are too, were we all once a star wanting a life somewhere else and ended up in earth, or did earth just evolve us this far. Idk what to think, all I know is death is the end. But I don’t want an end, SEND ME TO DEATH BY SPACE
Time is an illusion. It has no properties. It is nothing more than a word used to describe the motion of energy (frequency of longitudinal waves). Same with space. Antimatter is matter and is no more antimatter than matter is. Spacetime too is an illusion. And if space was expanding (esp if it’s accelerating) then redshift too would be accelerating but it isn’t. It only correlates to distance. Space isn’t expanding because space doesn’t exist. It’s merely the absence of matter. If you can cite an article that proves otherwise (rather than some biased piece that only implies it), let me know. But don’t link anything. Just tell me the website name and headline / keywords. Hoping this helps people, especially physicists, to not be illiterate. Also the planets don’t orbit the sun. This would be obvious if the barycenter of the solar system wasn’t so close to the sun. The sun is moving and all the planets are following behind it even when it changes direction as it bobs up and down through the galactic plane.
I wonder (with my very limited knowledge of graduate level physics) if Cooper pairs describe fundamentally how any of the forces work since their creation turns Fermions into Bosons. Or perhaps at least some of the consequences of the forces, like maybe Cooper pairs are a valid starting point for the derivation of superconductors / superfluids like he was saying they create. Or perhaps this makes no sense lol
I went there once. As is often the case in a harsh environment, the implacability of life is compensated by an extreme civility of the inhabitants of these hostile lands, who radiate an amiable kindness which, once returned to earth, makes you regret the highly human values of which our apparently smoother lands are sometimes deprived.
I had a Quick Question I was just wandering if a Star compose of a collection of atoms I heard scientists say this now .. it was a Neutron star .. I jus wanted to know if it would be possible to recreate that gathering of Atoms in the form of a engine and at the center as a form of propulsion recreate create a black hole..because if your feeding it with plasma it should emit a high level of energy that could produce thrust an provide power.. could this be done one day..
Should we begin to look at extremely high gravitational objects in a slightly differently way to be able to at least ‘visualise’ these objects to explain the localised effects as a result of this? I only mention this as they may be interpreted more in a way we visualise them in our minds due to the way we see them visually, my point being that the larger the gravitational field of an object warps the space around it and therefore makes the object ‘appear’ smaller in size? Should we try to turn off gravity in a visual sense to show The object as wee ‘see’ it, then the size it would be if it were the same object at the same density of a star (solar masses are frequently used) and the the distance from this object that’s the effects of it gravitational field. It would be like flipping a black hole inside out explaining everything up to the singularity as we are still a little unsure of that yet? I may be oversimplifying the matter or not explaining it right but what’s your thoughts?
At 13:30 you say, “Escape will become even more impossible than it already is.” I understand that we could not escape the pull of the neutron star but given the incredible pressures and densities at play, when nearing the core our theoretical craft would be trying desperately to float above the pasta, right? So without incredible thrust of some kind, the gravity of the neutron star would actually be working very hard (indirectly) to keep us away from the core? If we were in a craft with unlimited strength (i.e. we’re not going to be crushed) but some finite amount of thrust, would we be stuck whenever we first start running into the neutron star’s atmosphere because it’s so much denser than our craft?
We must understand pie is written wrong. The neutron is antimatter, it doesn’t have a constant state of being. Infact it changes according to the protons and electron around it. And just just it’s own but the proton and electrons around it’s own gravitational pull that then changes that neutron’s protons and electrons gravtional pull. Sorry for the bad grammar I’m a idiot, but the theory is inter-dimensional soul transfusion
Given that Neutrons are electrically neutral, where does the magnetic field of a neutron star arise from? I suspect it is from the combination of the neutron star spins rapidly, the outer crust is composed of the nuclei of iron atoms, and the thin atmosphere (in terms of width) is compose of a plasma of Hydrogen and Helium atoms ?
So, what you’re saying here is: if I get my phone charger there, I’d get a good charging rate? badda bum dish @9:57 and they say scientists don’t have a sense of humor xD But seriously, if we could capture the energy of Neutron Stars/Black Holes we’d have free energy forever, all phone charged permanently, that’d be cool xD
You failed to mention starquakes. Neutron stars are slightly oblate because of their mind-bending rotational speed (which caused them to become slightly oblate when they formed). However, since neutron stars slowly lose energy over time, their rotation also slows down over time. This slowdown is astronomically slow, but it happens. However, as the rotation slows down, gravity will be pulling the star into a more spherical shape. So it’s almost literally an unstoppable force acting on an immovable object. But, at some point, the crust just can’t withstand the gravity, and it’s suddenly restructured into a slightly more spherical shape. The difference between the before and the after is absolutely minuscule, but the masses and forces involved are so immensely huge, and the speed at which this sudden restructuring happens is so immensely fast, that it causes a so-called “starquake” which is incredibly energetic, it releases an astonishing amount of energy. The amount is so large and so sudden that it may be second only to a supernova. It is even theorized that some nearby-enough starquake could release so much energy it could cause a mass extinction event on Earth.
Хто може підтвердити ваші теорії, чи твердження — ніхто . То все не більше як догадки . Долетіти до нейтронної зірки в самих оптимістичних прогнозах не вдастся в найближчі сотні тисяч, а то і мільйони років, а наблизитися на відстань з якої можна здобути якісь мінімальні знання це нереально навіть через мільйони років, то ж можете розказувати все що збреде в голову .
I have traveled to the Galactic core and back. I use a ancient Alien craft I salvaged ….I first low pass a star with a fuel scoop, charge the jump drive and travel to the nearest mapped Neutron Star, ..I fly into the ejection cone and attempt to remain inside as long as possible not destroying ship…the longer inside the more speed, the cone ejects me At appx 2000c or 2000xLight Speed…I’ve also supercharged the drive jump…engaging warp I’m able to travel 80-120 LY per jump in just under 20 min sol…. I’ve seen things, you wouldn’t believe, hmmm attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion….I’ve watched sea Beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhauser Gate….and I’ve come home again
The greatest argument for divine design or simulation is the very existence of the universe itself. One, that something is here at all. And two, that the moment existence came into being that it was made subject to a series of set rules that we as humans have no hope of ever fully comprehending. Are we going to jump past an event horizon anytime soon and document our observations? Never. The knowledge of God alone and forever.
What I want to know is how is it that the neutrons and quarks themselves…individually, dont5get destroyed? How can something so tiny resist being ripped apart? Is there some quantum effect that makes it stronger than the entire neutron star? Here on earth, in a lab, can we RIP apart a neutron? If yes, then why cant the neutron star do it, if no, then what is making it so strong that not even the forces of a neutron star can? And if it folds into a Black Hole, do they then finally get ripped apart? And if that’s a no…again, how is it this microscopic individual thing withstand all this?
Digesting the closing of the article, I’m trying to make sure i understood: the gravitational forces of a black hole originate (at least in this example) from the neutron star with acreted matter from a binary partner star. Matt then states that it would be “even more impossible to escape (the gravitational forces) than before.” Why? Where did the additional gravity come from? The additional mass of the partner binary star? What happens to the quark gluon plasma that was the former center of the neutron star? Is matter destroyed to create the black hole?
Neutrons and Protons with an electron cloud surround – Normally an atom has similar arrangement. Two or more such atoms (actually ions) approach to form molecules. Two or more Neutron Stars with other impurities (like iron lattice for instance), when approach result in another massive object like another Neutron Star or Black hole – Nature’s conspiracy theory.
3:00 I’ve got a sinus headache right now so I’m inclined to round up, but thanks to you I can state a figure when I am under a great deal of metaphorical pressure. I intend to back that with “an astrophysicist who hangs with Tyson told me.” Great article, but you failed to explain why you even visited the neutron star: Your clunker ran out of fuel and were just grabbing a handful of hypernuclei to get you back to Sol. FYI to the people who might try this at home: you’ll be running rich be sure to check in with a certified mechanic before you leave dock and go cruising in interstellar space again.
So short sighted on the imaginary ship. Just use shields or a cloaking device and a bit of dimensional crossover so the ship is in the normal space of another dimension but also inside the neutron stars core to take sensor readings. It’s not like that wasn’t already done in Star Trek The Next Generation and Riker’s first ship was fully embedded inside an asteroid with a convenient cave leading to it to trap the Enterprise from Romulans who have a complaint about Starfleet using cloaking tech… Umm I just spoilered a 30 year old TV show episode if I named the episode. Anywho gist of the imaginary ship is it is phased out of our dimension but not into another due to it’s shields or cloaking device, just enough into our universe to get sensor readings, just out of it enough to not be affected. No need to get super technical after, it is an imaginary ship in an imaginary universe.
Someone needs to mine these stars for batteries. One double A could electrocute a person with the densities contained in them lol. Hey if they can use brown dwarf stars to build a Doctor-proof cell don’t tell me it can’t be done! EV driving across the country no charging required. You could build homes with battery banks that only need a yearly recharge.
Not yet finished but around the 2 min mark discusses the magnetic field exclaiming it’s the strongest. Does that mean that a magnetar is being considered a neutron star for simplicity? I understand that a magnetar is a type of neutron star but someone who didn’t know might try to argue that a Neutron Star is beats out a Magnetar causing confusion. If I’m mistaken, please clarify. I could learn about space all day