Quizlet: Describe The Cromlech Configuration Of Building Materials?

In this chapter of Quizlet, students learn about building construction, including heavy timber, truss types, and the importance of sustainable building. They also explore terms like lath and plaster during fire conditions, toxic gases produced by building materials, and the role of ISO 14020 environmental labels.

The chapter covers building construction, contents, and occupancy, as well as the impact of size and moisture content on building materials during fire conditions. Heavy timbers remain strong even after exposure to fire, while other building materials are affected by classification, occupancy, group, and type.

The construction type of a building is determined by factors such as automatic fire suppression systems, construction materials, occupancy type, and structure size. A cromlech, a circular arrangement of mammals, is an architectural structure that forces, crushes, or pushes together raw materials to create walls. It is made of clay, sand, straw, and trilithons, which embody the most rudimentary principle of architecture.

A cromlech is made in four stages and has a round ditch around it, with a post and lintel system. It is used to support the weight of a building from the outside, redistributing it from only the walls and columns. Wattle and daub is a wall construction method combining upright branches, woven twigs (wattles), and plastered and filled with clay or mud (daub).

In summary, building construction is a complex process that involves various factors, including the use of materials, the presence of automatic fire suppression systems, and the use of cromleches and other architectural elements.

What is a system in which two large upright stones support a horizontal beam called?

The post-and-lintel system is a building construction method where two upright posts support a third member, the lintel, laid horizontally across their top surfaces. This system is seen in colonnades and framed structures, as the posts of doors, windows, ceilings, and roofs typically form part of the wall. The lintel must bear loads that rest on it and its own load without deforming or breaking. Brick or stone, which is weak in tensile strength, can provide only short lintels, while steel can be used for long lintels. Masonry lintels, depending on the cohesiveness of mortar, are especially weak, so lintels of monolithic stone, wood, and stronger materials are used.

Post material must be strong in compression, and stone is more versatile in its use as a post than as a lintel. Under heavy loads, stone is superior to wood but not to iron, steel, or reinforced concrete. Masonry posts, including those of brick, may be highly efficient due to loads compressing joints and adding to their cohesiveness.

The post-and-lintel system was the basis of architecture from prehistoric to Roman times, with Egyptian and Greek temples utilizing stone lintels for interior and exterior decoration.

What is so important about Stonehenge?

Stonehenge is the world’s most sophisticated and only surviving lintelled stone circle, with its earliest stage being one of the largest cremation cemeteries in Neolithic Britain. The stones were brought from long distances, including bluestones from the Preseli Hills and sarsens from West Woods. They were dressed using sophisticated techniques and erected using precisely interlocking joints, unlike any other prehistoric monument.

Stonehenge forms part of a remarkable ancient landscape of early Neolithic, late Neolithic, and early Bronze Age monuments, including over 350 burial mounds and major prehistoric monuments like Stonehenge Avenue, the Cursus, Woodhenge, and Durrington Walls. This landscape provides a vast source of information about the ceremonial and funerary practices of Neolithic and Bronze Age people.

What is a horizontal beam across two vertical columns called?

The architectural style known as “trabeate” or “corbelled” entailed the erection of a horizontal beam across two vertical columns for the purpose of supporting roofs, doors, and windows.

What is an example of a cromlech?

The builders of the cromlech, who also erected a similar structure, experienced a sense of elation and a perception of untamed nature and enigmatic mystery within the confines of the cromlech and the desolate hills. The spiritual sweep and view of their territory were as extensive as the territory itself. The spiritual sweep and view of the cromlech-builders were as extensive as the territory they inhabited.

What is a cromlech in art history?

Cromlechs, which translate to “circular places,” are large-scale Neolithic sites with a multitude of proposed functions, including religious purposes. They may take the form of either circular or semicircular arrangements of megaliths. Nevertheless, akin to the enigmatic menhir alignments in France, the purpose and significance of cromlechs remain shrouded in obscurity, akin to the enigmatic menhir alignments.

What is the alignment of the Stonehenge?

Stonehenge, a Roman fortification, was designed to align with the sun’s movements. The sarsen stones, placed at the site’s center around 2500 BC, were strategically placed to align with the sun’s movements. On Midsummer’s Day, the sun would rise to the left of the Heel Stone, which may have held a partner stone. On Midwinter’s Day, the sun would have set between the two uprights of the tallest trilithon and dropped over the Altar Stone, a sandstone block placed across the solstice axis.

Today, this effect has been lost due to half of the trilithon falling. However, a laser survey of Stonehenge reveals that the stones that framed the solstice axis were the most carefully shaped, with vertical sides that framed the sun’s movement. The layout of Stonehenge is designed in relation to the solstices, the extreme limits of the sun’s movement.

What is the geometry of the Stonehenge?

Anthony Johnson’s research has revealed that Stonehenge was designed using geometrical knowledge, with six concentric polygons inside. The outer polygon was 56-sided, the regular octagon was 2500BC, and the inner polygon was 30-sided. The sarsen stonering was 2500BC, and two probable 40-sided concentric polygons were later modified to 30-sided ones. The central stone “horseshoe” was created using survey markers used to create the sarsen polygon. The experimental archaeology demonstrates that most of the monument was pre-planned, with the great stones being pre-fabricated off-site and installed by surveyor-engineers.

Johnson’s research suggests that the Neolithic belief system was based on geometry and symmetry, not astronomical observations. He believes that Stonehenge builders had a sophisticated yet empirically derived knowledge of Pythagorean geometry 2000 years before Pythagoras. Sir Barry Cunliffe, a leading British prehistorian, believes Johnson’s research is a major step forward in solving the puzzle of Stonehenge.

What is cromlech in architecture?

Cromlechs, a vertical stone circle, were erected during the Neolithic and Bronze Age in regions like Brittany, England, and Ireland, but also spread to Europe, Africa, and Asia. They were likely used for worship and tribal gatherings, often oriented along the sun or moon. Construction stopped after 1500 BC, possibly due to migration movements or the emergence of new religions. The first cromlechs appeared in the second half of the fourth millennium BC.

What is the structural system of Stonehenge?

The structural system of Stonehenge employs a tongue-and-groove mechanism to affix lintels and posts in a secure manner.

What is a system of construction in which two verticals support a horizontal beam?

The post-and-lintel construction system is an architectural technique whereby two vertical beams or columns support a horizontal beam or slab. This system is still in use today.

What was the purpose of building Stonehenge?

Stonehenge, the world’s most famous Neolithic monument, was built as a Late Neolithic burial site and monument to the dead for at least 500 years during its construction from around 3, 000 BC until the monuments were erected around 2, 500 BC. Although we now know a great deal about who built Stonehenge and how they did it, we still have limited knowledge about the reasons behind its construction. Academics and archaeologists have attempted to explain the reasons behind Stonehenge’s construction, with the most commonly accepted theories being the burial site and monument to the dead.