End Plate Remodeling: What Is It?

The vertebral endplate, a critical component of the intervertebral disc, plays a crucial role in maintaining disc function and is vulnerable to degeneration. The endplate’s structure facilitates biomechanical and nutritional functions, and it is subjected to significant loads. Endplate changes are traditionally characterized based on their MRI appearance using the Modic criteria and can be associated with bone sclerosis.

Vertebral endplate degenerative changes are significantly associated with back pain, with type 1 changes showing the strongest association. Cartilaginous endplate remodeling, resulting in calcium deposit upon the endplate and thickening, is thought to block marrow contact channels and impede the growth of new bone between two vertebrae.

Upon reaching skeletal maturity, the cartilage of the endplate undergoes substantial remodelling, resulting in extensive mineralization. Lumbar instability remodels the cartilage endplate to induce intervertebral disc degeneration by recruiting osteoclasts via Hippo-CCL3 signaling. Unbalanced tissue remodelling could play a role in convective and diffusive transports into the end plate, which is of prime importance for disc health and degeneration.

Modic type endplate changes represent a classification for vertebral body endplate MRI signal changes, first described in 1988. This study details novel and critically important data about the morphology and temporal sequence of events involved in human MEP degradation after traumatic events. Mild endplate degeneration doesn’t typically lead to symptoms, but more severe degeneration can lead to pain, discomfort, and inflammation.

What do end plates do?

An end plate is defined as a flat plate that is perpendicular to the surface of the wing and parallel to the direction of airflow. It is typically mounted in close proximity to the wing tip. The end plate functions as a barrier, impeding spanwise flow in the vicinity of the wing tip. This restricts cross-flow and attenuates the strength of the tip vortex.

What is the meaning of end plates?

End plates are complex terminal arborizations of motor neuron axons that contact with muscle fibers. They are also known as end brushes. Recent examples of end plates include caps for translator tubes and seals to the reaction chamber. The French flag is displayed on the rear wing end plates, while the number 9 is painted on the grille. Stronger and break-resistant acrylic with an angled end plate is also used. Other new pieces include a front splitter with extended side pieces, different side skirts, end plates for the rear diffuser, a rear spoiler, and door garnishes.

Lotus raised the height of the rear wing by two inches and revised the end plates. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the term “end plate”.

What is an end plate in the spine?

Vertebral body endplates are discrete structures that connect vertebral bodies and adjacent intervertebral discs. They consist of a cartilaginous layer and a bone ring apophysis, which plays a crucial role in intervertebral disc nutrition. The vertebral endplate capillaries are tiny branches of interosseous arteries that branch off segmental arteries, one per vertebra, originating from the aorta. Historically, these structures were grouped with the intervertebral disc. They are connected to the annulus fibrosus by Sharpey fibers.

What is the purpose of the end plate?

Endplates, porous bones, facilitate blood and nutrient flow from capillaries in the bone to disc cells, crucial for intervertebral discs. However, they are vulnerable to damage from injury or inactivity, leading to inflammation and the development of spine lesions. Studies show that lesions on endplates in the lumbar spine increase low back pain levels. Endplate degeneration, also known as endplate sclerosis, is the advanced stage of this degeneration.

What is spine remodeling?

Spinal remodeling is a therapeutic approach that corrects and restores spinal alignment, thereby alleviating pain and discomfort. The method is founded upon scientific and chiropractic principles, which are employed to identify the underlying causes of pain, discomfort, and altered health. The majority of patients report a reduction in pain, an improvement in posture, and a resolution of other conditions.

What is end plate in construction?

An end plate steel connection is a beam-to-column connection that uses two steel plates on each side of the beam to connect it to the column. These plates are welded to the beam and then bolted to the column, with the end plates matching the size of the beam. The bolts are typically high-strength. This connection is easy to fabricate and erect, and is strong enough to support most types of buildings.

Available in various sizes, end plate steel connections are available in widths between 4. 1″-12. 2″ (10. 3-31 cm), heights between 7. 5″-21. 1″ (19-53. 6 cm), and plate thicknesses between. 35″-. 87″ (9-22 mm).

What is endplate remodeling?

End plate remodeling and modic changes are believed to occur due to factors such as natural degeneration of the disc or bone, infection, or vertebrae adjustments due to changes in load pressures. These changes are influenced by factors such as the use of cookies on this site, and the copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

What causes endplate changes?

Modic type 1 vertebral endplate changes have been associated with traumatic injury, localised proinflammatory mediator action, and low-grade bacterial infection.

What is end plate in skeletal muscle?

Motor endplates (MEPs) are crucial structural and functional interfaces between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers. They receive electrical signals from motor neurons, generate endplate potentials, and induce muscle contractions. The morphological structure of MEPs, particularly their three-dimensional (3D) spatial distribution in skeletal muscle, is closely related to the motor function of the muscle.

In peripheral nerve regeneration research, an intramuscular injection of a retrograde tracer dye is often used to label motor neurons through the dye uptake by nerve terminals at the MEP. However, due to the lack of spatial distribution of MEPs, the efficiency of labeling depends on whether the dye is located near the MEP.

MEP degeneration after nerve injury is a hotspot in peripheral nerve regeneration research, with most current research focusing on changes of ultrastructure or local morphology of MEPs during injury and repair. Local structural information does not accurately reflect the condition of MEPs in overall skeletal muscles. Clinically, MEP is a key target for the treatment of various diseases, such as botulinum toxin type A, which has efficacy dependent on the injection site’s location near the MEP or the aggregation area.

Therefore, it is urgent to obtain the 3D spatial distribution of MEPs at the overall level of skeletal muscles for in-depth understanding of the functional connection between nerves and muscles or research into nerve injury repair and clinical intervention.

Various micro-optical imaging technologies provide important tools for high-resolution imaging of 3D structures of large tissues. Traditional optical imaging technologies have limited imaging depth in biological tissues and cannot meet the imaging needs of large tissues. Light-sheet microscopy, developed in recent years, is a rapid imaging method suitable for imaging large tissues but is only applicable to transparent samples due to the high scattering properties of biological tissues.

What are Type 2 endplate changes?

Modic type 2 changes (MC2) are fibroinflammatory changes with complement system involvement that occur adjacent to damaged endplates. Endplate degeneration correlates with complement and neurogenic proteins, suggesting that complement system activation and neoinnervation may be linked to endplate injuries. MC2 occur at locations with more endplate degeneration, making it the pathomechanistic site. MC1 is specific for chronic low back pain (cLBP) and can result from increased nerve fiber density in MC endplates.

MC1 displays an edema-like signal pattern on MRI, indicating bone marrow inflammation. Histological findings of Modic et al. support this, with fibrovascular granulation tissue and fibrous replacement of normal bone marrow in MC1. Bone marrow inflammation in MC1 has been reported in a semi-quantitative histomorphometric analysis of MC bone marrow, revealing more edema, inflammatory infiltrates, and connective tissue. MC2 is visualized as hyperintense signals by both T1w and T2w MRI, showing signs of inflammation, such as granulation tissue and edema.

Adipocytes in MC2 may contribute to the inflammatory environment, secreting pro-inflammatory adipokines. However, unlike MC1, MC2 does not contain lymphatic and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrates and does not present as an edema-like signal pattern on MRI.

What is the end plate of the vertebrae?

The cartilaginous endplates are the joints between the hard vertebrae and the soft, flexible disc tissue. They enclose the disc and partially constrain the hydrostatic nucleus, allowing for effective load transmission. These endplates are elegantly structured to enable effective load transmission. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B. V., its licensors, and contributors. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.